This article addresses frequently asked questions about knee replacement surgery in a straightforward, informational format. The answers are based on general medical consensus and are intended for educational purposes.
Q1: What is the primary reason someone would need knee replacement surgery?
The primary reason is to relieve significant, chronic pain and disability caused by severe damage to the knee joint. This damage is most commonly the result of osteoarthritis, but it can also be due to rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or other degenerative conditions. Surgery is typically considered only after non-surgical treatments like medication, physical therapy, and injections have failed to provide sufficient relief.
Q2: How long does a knee replacement implant typically last?
According to data from joint replacement registries, most knee implants are functional 15 to 20 years after surgery. Many last longer. The longevity of an implant is influenced by several factors, including the patient’s activity level, body weight, and overall health. Technological advancements in materials and surgical techniques continue to improve the durability of modern implants.
Q3: What does the recovery process entail?
Recovery is a phased process. It begins in the hospital with initial mobilization within a day of surgery. After discharge, a period of rehabilitation at home or in an outpatient clinic is essential. This involves physical therapy to restore strength and range of motion. Significant improvement is usually seen within 3 to 6 months, but full recovery and the easing of minor swelling can continue for up to a year.
Q4: What are the most common risks associated with this surgery?
All surgeries carry some risk. The most common risks associated with knee replacement include infection, blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), stiffness, and persistent pain. Less common risks include injury to nerves or blood vessels, implant loosening, wear, or failure over time. Surgeons employ comprehensive protocols to minimize these risks.
Q5: Will I be able to return to sports and physical activities after recovery?
Yes, most people can return to low-impact activities after fully recovering. These activities often include walking, swimming, cycling, and golfing. High-impact activities such as running, jogging, and sports involving jumping or sharp pivoting are generally not recommended as they can increase the rate of wear on the implant and may shorten its lifespan.
Q6: How is pain managed after the surgery?
Pain management is multimodal. It often includes a combination of regional nerve blocks during surgery, oral medications (including opioids for a short period and then non-opioid alternatives), ice, and elevation. Effective pain control is important as it allows patients to participate more fully in physical therapy, which is crucial for recovery.
Addressing the Core Question: The Nature of the Procedure
A common question revolves around the term “replacement” itself, with many asking, “What exactly is replaced in knee replacement surgery?” The procedure is more accurately a resurfacing of the damaged joint. The surgeon removes a thin layer of bone from the end of the femur (thigh bone) and the top of the tibia (shin bone). This damaged cartilage and bone is replaced with artificial components made of metal and medical-grade plastic. These components recreate the smooth gliding surfaces of a healthy knee. The back of the kneecap may also be resurfaced with a plastic button. Therefore, the “replacement” refers to these new artificial surfaces, not the entire joint structure.
Q7: How do I know if I am a good candidate for this surgery?
Candidacy is determined by an orthopedic surgeon through a comprehensive evaluation. This includes a review of your medical history, a physical examination of your knee, and imaging studies like X-rays or an MRI. The decision is based more on the impact of knee pain on your quality of life than on age alone. A good candidate is typically someone with severe arthritis that limits daily activities, who has not found relief from other treatments.
Q8: Will my new knee set off metal detectors at airports?
It is possible. Most modern implants are made of cobalt-chrome and titanium alloys, which can sometimes detect security screening. It is advisable to inform the security personnel that you have a knee replacement. You can also ask your surgeon for a card that provides information about your implant.
It is essential to consult directly with an orthopedic surgeon to get answers to questions that are specific to your individual health situation and to make a fully informed decision.